SEMPADAN BUMI SIAM MASA SILAM

Persempadanan kawasan di kawasan Asia Tenggara kebanyakannya di buat oleh pihak Farang (Farang adalah panggilan org Thai terhadap org Putih sebagaimana org Melayu memanggil Mat Salleh terhadap golongan ini. Tidak pasti dari mana dan apa puncanya org Melayu menggelar org putih sbg Mat Salleh, tapi org Thai menggelar org putih sbg Farang dari gelaran Frank yg digunakan oleh org Parsi terhadap org putih pada zaman Ayutthaya)

Akibat garisan sempadan oleh Farang ini, Thailand kehilangan sebuah khazanah berharga, iaitu tinggalan tapak kuil purba abad ke 11 (Khao Phra Viharn ) yg terlepas masuk dalam sempadan Kemboja.

Yadeh bawa isu tersebut pada kali ini kerana puak protes jalanan di Thailand pada hari ini menuduh bahawa pemilikan Khao Phra Viharn oleh Kemboja adalah atas restu Thaksin. Ini adalah tuduhan mengarut. Mahkamah Keadilan Antrabangsa telah memutuskan pada tahun 1961 bahawa Kemboja berhak ke atas Khao Phra Viharn. Namun oleh kerana keunikan Khao Phra Viharn, pihak Thai dan Kemboja bersetuju utk menjadikan Khao Phra Viharn sbg pemilikan bersama. Kesanggupan pihak Kemboja utk bersetuju ialah kerana kedudukan Khao Phra Viharn ini tidak boleh dimasuki melalui sempadan Kemboja tetapi harus masuk melalui Thailand. Ini kerana dari arah Kemboja, ia merupakan tebing gunung yg tinggi.

Namun hasrat Kemboja ingin mengisytiharkan Khao Phra Viharn sbg khazanah negara Kemboja secara bersendirian membuatkan pihak Thai tidak berpuas hati.

Memang kalau kalau hendak pergi ke Khao Phra Viharn dari Kemboja, mrk perlu naik helikopter (tak mungkin org zaman dulu boleh lakukan) atau mendaki berhari-hari utk sampai ke tapak kuil, namun undang-undang tetap undang-undang. Khao Phra Viharn berada dlm sempadan Kemboja, jadi dari segi undang-undang, Thai tak berhak langsung. Kalau berhak pun, boleh ambik hasil kutip tol atau tiket atau bayaran pas sempadan terhadap pelancong sama ada dari Kemboja atau dari Thailand sendiri yg hendak melawat ke tapak itu. Atau pihak Kemboja kena bina sistem kereta kabel.

Di bawah ini ada senario pertikaian Khao Phra Viharn.

1904
Feb 14
Siam cedes territories (present-day northeast Cambodia) to French Indo-China. Khao Phra Viharn now stands on the international border (map). Precise demarcation and mapping are to be carried out by a Franco-Siamese Mixed Commission. , but the Commission ceases to function. France makes a demarcation map on its own and sends it to Siam who neither approves or disapproves it.

1934

Siam carries out its own survey and discovers divergence between the French-made map and the real watershed, but she doesn't make appeal or protest. Siam creates its own demarcation map, but she doesn't send it to France or Cambodia

1941
May 9

Under the Japanese mediation, Thailand regains territories south of Khao Phra Viharn.

World War II
1946
Nov 17

Under international pressures, Thailand recedes regained territories to French Indo-China, making Khao Phra Wihaan again stand on the international border.

1953
Nov 9

Cambodia gains independence from France.
Cambodian soldiers encounter Thai police constables at Khao Phra Wihaan, thus the beginning of the dispute.

1957
Thai border police occupy Khao Phra Viharn.

1958
Thailand and Cambodia hold negotiations in Bangkok.

1958
Oct

Sarit fortifies Thai Army positions along the border and takes control of the disputed Phra Viharn.

Nov

Cambodian government decides to suspend diplomatic relations with Thailand.

1959
Feb 20

After a UN special envoy's visit to the border area, both countries agree to normalise ties.

Sep 30

Cambodia applies the dispute to the International Court of Justice.

Oct 6

The Court accepts the application and institutes proceedings. Thailand raises objections to its jurisdiction.

Oct 17

The Government is to ask M.R. Seni Pramoj to represent Thailand at the International Court of Justice over Khao Phra Viharn.

Oct 28

General Prapart Charusathien, Minister of the Interior, gives up eating Cambodian fish over the Khao Phra Viharn dispute.

Nov 1

Momrajwong Seni Pramoj, advocate for Thailand, says in a statement on TV that he is 100 percent certain of winning the Khao Phra Viharn case.

Nov 14

The official police spokesman appealed to the public not to hold parades and demonstrations over Khao Phra Viharn.

Dec 17

The International Court of Justice gives Cambodia a deadline of January 20 to file its complaints over Khao Phra Viharn.

1960
Oct 15

Cambodia will take the dispute with Thailand regarding possession of Khao Phra Viharn to the International Court of Justice.

Oct 26

Momrajwong Seni Pramoj is honored to defend Thailand in the Khao Phra Viharn case, without fee.

Nov 3

Prime Minister Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat hopes the UN will not permit Thailand to lose any beloved treasures, such as Khao Phra Viharn.

Nov 5

The last $2,500 of the Free Thai movement funds will be turned over to help the expenses of the Khao Phra Viharn World Court case.

Nov 19

Foreign Ministry tries to refute charges by a newspaper that it has done nothing useful in the Khao Phra Viharn case.

1961
May 26

The Court holds that it has jurisdiction over Thailand.

Oct 20

Sarit makes a speech that Cambodian leaders are courting communist countries and allowing them sanctuary with the aim of destroying the countries in Southeast Asia.

Oct 23
Cambodia severes ties with Thailand. All border areas adjacent to Cambodia were sealed

1962
Mar

"...the Thais in March found a new way to irritate the Cambodians by forbidding them to land at Bangkok Airport (the Cambodians promptly retaliated)..."

Apr 10

Court hearing begins.

Jun 15

The Court rules (9 vs. 3 votes) that Khao Phra Viharn belongs to Cambodia.
2
Restoration
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"When the World Court awarded a frontier temple to Thailand's traditional enemy, Cambodia, Sarit was ready to refuse to hand it over. Bhumibol said the court's order would be obeyed."

Jun 24

Thailand believes US presidential adviser Mr Dean Acheson has misused his official position to act for Cambodia in the Khao Phra Viharn case.

Jun 28

Students of five universities are to march in Bangkok today to protest the World Court judgment for Cambodia over Khao Phra Viharn.

Jul 15

Over 200 demonstrations have been held over Khao Phra Viharn and the government is asking people to return to work.

Jul 18

Thailand will insist on a full demarcation of the border with Cambodia because of the unjust Khao Phra Viharn verdict.

Aug 24

A Cambodian infantry company entered Thailand to try to reach Khao Phra Viharn Temple but was driven off by gunfire.

1963
Jan 15 ?
Sihanouk attends flag-raising ceremony at Khao Phra Viharn.

Jul 2

In a televised address, PM Sarit explains that Thailand will comply with the Court ruling and withdraw from Khao Phra Viharn.

Jul 16

Khao Phra Viharn is officially returned to Cambodia.